Management of Interstitial Lung Disease
Interstitial Lung Disease (ILD) refers to a group of disorders that cause inflammation and scarring (fibrosis) of the lung tissue, making it difficult to breathe and get enough oxygen into the bloodstream. ILDs can be caused by autoimmune diseases, long-term exposure to irritants, or have no known cause (idiopathic).
How is ILD Managed?
While not all types of ILD can be cured, proper management can slow disease progression, relieve symptoms, and improve quality of life. Treatment is tailored to the individual and may include:
Accurate Diagnosis- High-resolution CT scans
- Lung function tests (like spirometry)
- Bronchoscopy or lung biopsy
- Blood tests for autoimmune markers
- Antifibrotics, steroids or immunosuppressants, inhaled bronchodilators - tailored as per the patient and the type of ILD
- Supervised breathing exercises and fitness training to improve lung efficiency
- For patients with low oxygen levels, especially during activity or sleep
- Avoiding lung irritants (dust, smoke)
- Vaccinations to prevent respiratory infections
- Smoking cessation
- Osteoporosis
- Diabetes mellitus
- Ischaemic heart disease
- Depression
- Routine lung function tests and imaging to assess disease stability or progression
Why Early Management is Important
Timely diagnosis and treatment help prevent irreversible damage, preserve lung function, and improve daily living. In severe cases, lung transplantation may be considered.